More recently, an approach based on self-locating uncertainty has been suggested by Charles Sebens and Sean M. Zurek These proofs have, however, been criticized as circular. These include the decision-theory approach pioneered by David Deutsch and later developed by Hilary Greaves and David Wallace and an "envariance" approach by Wojciech H. A number of derivations have been proposed in the context of the many-worlds interpretation. Several other researchers have also tried to derive the Born rule from more basic principles. This theorem was historically significant for the role it played in showing that wide classes of hidden-variable theories are inconsistent with quantum physics. Gleason first proved the theorem in 1957, prompted by a question posed by George W. Gleason's theorem shows that the Born rule can be derived from the usual mathematical representation of measurements in quantum physics together with the assumption of non-contextuality. John von Neumann discussed the application of spectral theory to Born's rule in his 1932 book. ![]() In 1954, together with Walther Bothe, Born was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for this and other work. In this paper, Born solves the Schrödinger equation for a scattering problem and, inspired by Albert Einstein and Einstein’s probabilistic rule for the photoelectric effect, concludes, in a footnote, that the Born rule gives the only possible interpretation of the solution. The Born rule was formulated by Born in a 1926 paper. For example, unitarity ensures that the probabilities of all possible outcomes sum to 1 (though it is not the only option to get this particular requirement ). The Born rule states that if an observable corresponding to a self-adjoint operator A being Hermitian), implies the unitarity of the theory, which is considered required for consistency. ![]() It was formulated by German physicist Max Born in 1926. In its simplest form, it states that the probability density of finding a system in a given state, when measured, is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the system's wavefunction at that state. The Born rule (also called Born's rule) is a postulate of quantum mechanics which gives the probability that a measurement of a quantum system will yield a given result.
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